When Did Asphalt Pavement Exist?
1. Development history of asphalt pavement:
About 600 AD, the first asphalt road was built in Babylon, but the technology was lost soon after.
In 1712, taking the discovery of rock asphalt in Switzerland as an opportunity, it was subsequently discovered in Germany, France and other countries.
Around 1850, France first used rock asphalt for road pavement. In 1854, a thin-layer asphalt pavement close to the present was built in Paris, which can be called the beginning of hot paved rock asphalt pavement.
The rock asphalt used at that time was limestone infiltrated with 6-10% asphalt, which was broken into fine particles, heated, paved and rolled, and the asphalt pavement was formed. The maximum particle size is 2.5mm, and the powder particle size of 0.074mm can reach more than 40%, which became the advanced pavement structure at that time.
The United States did not import a large amount of rock asphalt from France and Switzerland until after 1850, and began to build rock asphalt pavements centered on the east. By 1900, there were only 25,000 m2 recorded in New York City.
In 1871, E.J. Desdment successfully used sand, gravel, and Teneret Lake asphalt to pave asphalt pavement in New York City, and obtained a construction patent. This is the beginning of modern asphalt pavement.
In 1872, Washington City compared the construction method of asphalt pavement in the past with the construction method of applying limestone powder, sand, mixed with lake asphalt and petroleum residue oil, and proved that both can adapt to the traffic requirements at that time. This can be said to be a precedent for building test road surfaces with rock asphalt and lake asphalt. The use of the test road became the basis for the pavement material to change from rock asphalt to lake asphalt, which was also the beginning of the application of petroleum residue oil to the pavement.
In 1885, the automobile powered by gasoline was invented, and in 1887, pneumatic tires were invented, and the automobile industry rose. Because the load of a car is different from that of a carriage, in order to meet the needs of the load, the United States added gravel to the mixture of stone powder, sand, and lake asphalt, and invented the Warrenitebitulithic pavement, that is, the lower layer is two layers of coarse-graded asphalt concrete and the upper layer of asphalt sand. Pave a double-layer asphalt concrete pavement made of roller compaction, which is the origin of the asphalt concrete pavement.
By 1905, the Topeka pavement was produced in the city of Topeka in the United States as a wear layer, which made the asphalt pavement structure more perfect.
In 1911, the U.S. Supreme Court made a ruling that allowed automobile factories to manufacture automobiles freely, and transportation officially entered the era of automobile transportation, which put forward higher requirements for road surfaces.
For this reason, the Hubbard-Field method, the first test method for asphalt concrete, appeared in 1920.
In 1930, asphalt pavement pavers were produced, and highway construction began in 1934. Since then, asphalt pavement has become the main form of modern high-grade pavement.
Types Of Asphalt Pavement >>>
2. Development of asphalt pavement in China:
China used imported asphalt in the asphalt pavement test section near Nanjing in 1935; in 1941, asphalt double-layer surface treatment was built on the Yunnan-Burma Highway for 155km; after the victory of the war, asphalt penetration and double-layer asphalt surface were built on the Nanjing-Hangzhou Highway Treatment of asphalt pavement. By the eve of 1949, there were about 315km of high-grade and sub-high-grade pavements on Chinese highways.
After the founding of New China, highway construction has made great progress. Before the 1980s, there was still a considerable gap in the speed and quality of China's highway construction compared with developed countries. After entering the 1990s, the quantity and quality of China's highway construction have been substantially improved. Compared with developed countries, the gap is narrowing. By the end of 2000, China's highway mileage had reached 1,679,800 kilometers, and by the end of 2001, China's expressway mileage had reached 19,453 kilometers, ranking second in the world.
.jpg "asphalt compactor roller")
评论
发表评论